Research post (extra credit)

Chana Shull

Research post (extra credit)

INTS249

Competitive nature of NCAA rules keeps Student-Athletes from being paid

“Summary: Eight former college football players sued various collegiate athletic conferences and broadcast networks, claiming a conspiracy with the NCAA to collect billions of dollars, while the student- athletes upon which the system depended received only athletic scholarships. The plaintiffs alleged a recent study revealed the average football student-athlete had a fair market value $456,612 above and beyond the value of a scholarship. They attacked the NCAA amateurism rules as anticompetitive agreements. The defendants led a motion to dismiss. The district judge found that the NCAA and its conferences marketed college football — which was the epitome of competition — because it consisted of contests between competing institutions. He explained that the entire structure of college football would fall apart if there were no rules on which the competitors agreed that affected the size of the eld, the number of players on a team, etc. Thus, the judge ruled that NCAA rules actually promoted competition because they played a vital role in enabling college football to preserve its character and as a result enabled a product to be marketed that might otherwise be unavailable. He dismissed the case, ruling that the amateur”

         In this article you this lawsuit that was filed by student athletes about how the NCAA uses the and abuses the athletes and therefor they are unable to be paid and have a job of any sort, and a lot of the time with their contracts it states that cant do certain things, like advertisements to earn them any sort of money because they are under the NCAA and they are what the money goes to for they specific athlete. As it states in the top you see that the NCAA collects billions off of, social networks, universities, athletes, etc., but the students are only really getting their scholarships and most of the time they aren’t even good enough especially if they are not the “top” player that everyone is looking at, so the NCAA has all of this money, and yes they have a lot of this money left over, even after spending it on what they need, and the students are not receiving and of this money for what THEY do for the NCAA, and they coaches ARE getting paid. If you look at what an average college football player should be making even if it is in scholarships THAT IS INSANE, and the fact they are getting NO WHERE NEAR THAT, is even more insane too me. These kids (teens, adults) give up their lives for their sport, they give up social things, working, school, just to please the NCAA they are working slaves for the NCAA, yes SOME of they get recognition, but most of them don’t, and they still work just as hard and they don’t get anything back from it. It is time to see a change in the rules and regulations on student athletes for the NCAA.

 

Competitive nature of NCAA rules keeps student-athletes from being paid. (2015). College Athletics & the Law, 12(8), 10-11. doi:10.1002/catl

http://mutex.gmu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ehh&AN=111018263&site=ehost-live

November 16, 2017November 17, 2017 by ints249cshull Categories: Research Posts Leave a comment

research post 5

Chana shull

Research post 5

INTS249

The Effects of the NCAA Guidelines on the Equitable Treatment of Student Athletes

“The study was limited by the following criteria. One hundred and eight NCAA member Division I-A football and basketball institutions were surveyed. Those institutions represented every geographical area across the United States. An equal number of presidents, athletic directors, and head coaches of football, men’s basketball, and women’s basketball were surveyed. Fifty-four institutions were randomly selected from the 108 Division I-A institutions. Thirty student athletes (10 participating in football,
10 participating in men’s basketball, and 10 participating in women’s basketball) from each of the 54 institutions were also surveyed. The survey instrument consisted of 34 questions which were broken down into four groups: (1) payment of scholarship student athletes, (2) equitable treatment of student athletes, (3) work for scholarship athletes, and (4) NCAA regulations.”

         In this article they surveyed the athletes on different questions, the first set of questions (1-11) consisted on payment of scholarship towards these athletes. They said in this group of questions, the responders showed a significant difference with their gender for who had a better scholarship (p < .0001) and race also was another factor and showed a significant difference as well (p < .0002). The next set of questions (12-18) where specifically about the treatment of the student athletes. The groups who were surveyed showed that “the student athletes and the head coaches were in disagreement with presidents and athletic directors” (p < .0009) which was a significance difference. The minorities of this part of the survey were in a disagreement with the whites (p< .0019). the next questions were work for scholarship athletes and the only significant difference were the student athletes who responded, saying that they should be allowed to work in some type of way and be compensated for their work because they have so much practices to do and they have no other time during the week because they dedicate all their time too school and sports. The last set of questions were addressed too the current NCAA regulations, and there was a significant difference on how the student athletes viewed the NCAA regulations versus the presidents’ athletic directors and the head coaches views. These results show the unfairness of how everything is done. First it starts off with race and gender and you can see how they don’t get the scholarships that’s someone else would get. Then you can tell that the students and the directors obviously have different views because the directors are getting treated better and they are getting paid while the student athletes have to work their butts off to even make it to a major league in the future, while making nothing out of it right now. These results show everything.

 

Wells, R. J. (1996). The effects of the NCAA guidelines on the equitable treatment of student-athletes (Order No. 9701452). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (304300556). Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.mutex.gmu.edu/docview/304300556?accountid=14541

https://media-proquest-com.mutex.gmu.edu/media/pq/classic/doc/739324171/fmt/ai/rep/SPDF?cit%3Aauth=Wells%2C+Robert+Jenkins&cit%3Atitle=The+effects+of+the+NCAA+guidelines+on+the+equitable+treatment+of+student-athletes&cit%3Apub=ProQuest+Dissertations+and+Theses&cit%3Avol=&cit%3Aiss=&cit%3Apg=&cit%3Adate=1996&ic=true&cit%3Aprod=ProQuest+Dissertations+%26+Theses+Global&_a=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%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%3D&_s=nfsYgGqiCehK5vzXBjV3s0yRP7o%3D

November 16, 2017November 17, 2017 by ints249cshull Categories: Research Posts Leave a comment

research post 4

Chana Shull

Research post 4

INTS249

10/29/17

PROMOTING THE WELL-BEING AND ACADEMIC SUCCESS OF COLLEGE ATHLETES

“Do the schools and athletic leagues sufficiently minimize the risk of concussions? And what happens to a student who is injured be- fore graduation? Can he or she finish out their studies or does the scholarship run dry? Well, a couple of months ago, we all heard the deeply troubling comments of Shabazz Napier, the talented University of Con- necticut guard who was the most valuable player of the 2014 NCAA basketball tournament. In the midst of a tournament that generated hundreds of millions of dollars in revenue for the NCAA and its members, Mr. Napier talked about how sometimes he did not have enough to eat during college. How did college sports ben- efit Mr. Napier on the nights he had to go to bed hungry?

Now, you can look at that two ways. So there he is, he’s trying to pick out a sensational example of a famous athlete and turn it into some very large problem. I’m not trying to do that. I think it is a problem. And the whole sense of giving students a safety net and a sense of confidence that, if they don’t turn out to be as good running backs or point guards or whatever and they don’t make the team or they’re let off in their third year. Are they dropped? Do they get the scholarships or what happens? I don’t know.”

The fact I am still able to find more and more articles about the same situations that have to do with the NCAA taking advantage of the athletes and how they are worried about their academics because of how much they have to do and how little time they have to do any of it. In the last research post I did it was talking about the injuries and how are they able to keep their scholarships or even stay on the team if they get injured really bad that makes them not be able to play anymore. This article explains the same confusion that players have with that. The NCAA pushes these athletes so hard and they are worried that all the hard work they put in will all be taken away from them if they get injured. Some of these kids have to drop out of school because they are not able to afford it and their whole career is then ruined because the NCAA only cares about how well they preform and how much money they are able to make them in the end. It also explains how the NCAA picks out the star athletes the ones that they know will make them the most money and will be drafted in the end of their college career, so the ones that still put in just the same amount of work, don’t get any credit and also may not even be put on a major leagues after college is over and they have focused so much on their sport that they gave no time to their studies either. You can see that they are given some scholarships that help pay for college because a lot of the time the kids who are playing for their college cannot afford to pay for it or even clothes or food because their families don’t make enough money, and so when these kids dedicate their life to sports and cant make money because they are not able to have a job because of no time, how are they supposed to get the food or clothes they need for their actual lives, and the NCAA does not help them out at all. Like I have said before the NCAA is focusing on how much money they are able to make them, their schools, and their coaches. We need to start putting focus on these students especially the ones who have worked so hard in school and their sports to be able to get these scholarships so they can afford school. Think about the students for once. Not just the money and sport. They are in need of our help, and they have the money to be able to help these students.

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, Transportation. (2014). Promoting the Well-Being and Academic Success of College Athletes.

https://congressional.proquest.com/congressional/result/pqpresultpage.gispdfhitspanel.pdflink/$2fapp-bin$2fgis-hearing$2f5$2fd$2f9$2f2$2fhrg-2014-cst-0038_from_1_to_108.pdf/entitlementkeys=1234%7Capp-gis%7Chearing%7Chrg-2014-cst-0038

October 30, 2017 by ints249cshull Categories: Research Posts Leave a comment

research post 3

Chana Shull

Research post 3

10/24/17

INTS249

 

Why Student Athletes Continue To Fail

“Jones now regrets and disavows that tweet. Earlier this month, he was tweeting that nothing is more important than education, under the hashtag “StudentBeforeAthlete.” It’s hard to know how sincere his attitude adjustment has been, or how sincere his initial dismissal of academics was. What is clear is that Jones and his conversion represent a messaging coup for his university and for the NCAA, which has maintained for decades that its primary goal is to help scholar-athletes receive an education that would prepare them for life beyond sports.

Despite the NCAA’s insistence that it is concerned about student athletes’ academic growth, it often feels as though “student” plays second fiddle to “athlete.” Indeed, on a typical day, a visitor to the NCAA homepage will be overwhelmed by the articles (and videos) about athletics but will not find a single article (or video) about the academic achievements of the athletes.

This also seems to hold true for many of the NCAA’s member schools. The University of North Carolina and Syracuse are just two of the most recent universities to be under the spotlight for academic scandals involving student athletes. UNC offered a “no show” class for student athletes (where students received grades for phantom classes that they didn’t attend), and Syracuse allowed academically ineligible athletes to compete. And while these cases are the ones currently grabbing headlines, they are hardly unique; The Chronicle of Higher Education is reporting that 20 additional schools are being investigated for academic fraud.”

Sort of a long quote I have there, but it explains everything we are working on in our project. It is exploiting how the NCAA does not care about the academics of the students and they are only wanting to focus on how well they perform during their games and if they will get injured or not and how much money they will make the universities and schools themselves. In the beginning of the passage you will see one of the top allstars got offered a spot on an NFL team which means he had to have dedicated almost everything to get that spot and ending up turning it down because he wanted to do a couple more years in school and focus on more of his education than his sport. Everyone looked at him shocked and they cared more about how much money he would make for the NFL and have the name and title then his education and how important that is and even though they are athletes in college THEY STIL NEED TO FOCUS ON THEIR EDUCATION. What happens if they get injured in a game in their professional career and can never play again and maybe it is just the start to their stardom so they haven’t exactly made the millions yet…. What is going to prepare them beyond that…. They never had the education because they mainly focused on sports… we don’t think about these things and how much it will have an impact on these students. We pressure them with sports and sports only and get a name for OUR SCHOOL and we work them until they only focus on that and only know that sports is the way to go.. but they need to have some knowledge of what to do after all of that is over and that is the main thing now a days.http://time.com/3827196/why-student-athletes-fail/

October 25, 2017 by ints249cshull Categories: Research Posts Leave a comment

ARE COLLEGE ATHLETES ECONOMICALLY EXPLOITED?

Chana Shull

Research post 2

10/8/12

INTS 249

“College sports are major businesses. For example, the national collegiate athletic association (“NCAA”) receives $771 million annually from the television contract for its Division I Men’s Basketball Championship tournament’ and $125 million annually from the television contract for its Football Bowl Championship Series.’ Individual conferences and schools also have their own television contracts. For example, the Pac-12 Conference has a twelve-year, $3 billion football and basketball contract with FOX and ESPN;3 the Southeastern Conference has a fifteen-year, $2.5 billion contract for multiple sports with ESPN;4 and the Big Ten Conference has a ten-year, $1 billion football and basketball contract with ABC/ESPN, a twenty-five-year, $2.8 billion contract between the Big Ten Network and FOX, and a ten-year, $200 million basketball contract with CBS.’”

“NCAA bylaws explicitly limit the compensation that colleges can give to student-athletes. In particular, they mandate that college athletes cannot receive an athletic scholarship of more than the value of a “full grant-in-aid,”‘ which is defined as “tuition and fees, room and board, and required course-related books.””

“Colleges also may provide student-athletes with certain other benefits. For example, the NCAA requires that schools make available general academic counseling and tutoring services to all student-athletes.1 2 In addition, schools may provide their student- athletes with medical expense benefits (including medical insurance) incidental to their athletic participation” and with four free tickets to intercollegiate athletic events in the athlete’s sport, regardless of whether the athlete actually competes in those particular events.”

Here you will see how the NCAA makes over $500 million a year just from a division one television contract and yet we still are not seeing this go back to the students accept in some very low scholarships. Some of the tournaments are making them OVER billions of dollars and where is all of this money going. I know they have to give back some to the schools for equipment uniforms and the obvious things, but there should be so much money left over we probably could give everyone in the schools probably over 5,000 dollars. It even says that the NCAA LIMITS COLLEGES FROM GIVING STUDENT ATHLETES A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF COMPENSATION. Why would the ones who work their BUTTS off to make the NCAA the money that they make, AND NOT GET ANYTHING IN RETURN. Yes they have coaches to pay, but honestly the coaches are there to guide them THE STUDENT ATHLETES are the ones who are there kicking butt and making the billions of dollars and the fans and the names for the NCAA and yet we still don’t see anything that they really deserve except some fame, and there is still freaking restrictions from their fame and they are limited from doing certain things THAT WOULD GIVE THEM MONEY. It is like the NCAA is purposely making it impossible for these athletes to gain something off of their hard work. Because in the future your never know if they will go into the major leagues for anything, and if they don’t all that hard work they have just put in and the money they never earned from it, was for nothing except making the NCAA money, the university, and their coaches. I know from friends who are on sports teams that they do have required study hours and medical insurance, and some other things, but think about it this way, they provide all of this and even scholarships, but what happens if they are injured so bad they wont be able to play anymore or the injury just keeps on re-appearing? They will lose everything, all the benefits, and will be left with no scholarship, medical insurance, etc. and they will have gained no money out of it and will basically have to restart everything from nothing at that point. Think about that really hard. And see if that is fair.

 

 

Taha, A. E. (2012). Are college athletes economically exploited. Wake Forest Journal of Law Policy 2(1), 69-94.

http://heinonline.org.mutex.gmu.edu/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/wfjlapo2&start_page=69&collection=journals&id=71

October 10, 2017October 10, 2017 by ints249cshull Categories: Research Posts Leave a comment

“College Athletes as Employees”

Chana Shull

Research post 1

9/29/17

INTS249

“College Athletes as Employees”

By: Zielinski, Robert T.

Our research topics has to do with the treatment of college athletes and how much time and effort they have to put into school, practice, and games, while making no money because it is almost impossible to work and if they are able to work it would be late at night when they are already tired. The coaches and the NCAA are getting paid SO much money, while the people really putting in the work are the students and they are not getting paid for anything. They may get scholarships, but the high ones are for the bigger sports (football, basketball, etc.) and sometimes you will not receive any type of scholarship. “The crux of the decision is Ohr’s finding that the scholarship aid was payment in return for the player’s providing services to the University. This conclusion has two elements. First, that playing football provided a service akin to an employee performing work that is incorporated into a product or service sold by the employer. Second, that the economic benefit (free education, housing, etc. during their matriculation) received by the players was in exchange for the services being provided. Ohr found that playing football was a service to the University based on two factors. First he pointed out that the football program generated $235 million in gross revenure to the university over a nine-year period through television revenue, ticket sales and other sources. Second, Ohr relied on what he characterized as the less quantifiable benefits to the University of having a high profile football program: “Less quantifiable but also of great benefit to the Employer is the immeasurable positive impact to Northwestern’s reputation a winning football team may have on alumni giving and increase in number of applicants for enrollment at the University.””

I took this quote straight out of the article because this really explains a lot about my topic. Even though at GMU we do not have a football team most schools do and they face this issue a lot. They state In here that an employee is “an employee is a person who performs services for another under a contract of hire, subject to the other’s control or right of control, and in return for payment.” These athletes are UNDER A CONTRACT which in return they should be able to get pay, they sit here and work their butts off and like I said they do get scholarships, but again sometimes they don’t or sometimes it doesn’t even do anything. They are making the University, their coaches, and the NCAA money, so why would they not be able to get some of the money too? These athletes do not have the time to get a side job, they already put in so much time and effort into their school work and their sport (especially their sport). They have to even miss school sometimes. Ohr makes very good points in here how the students are giving THEIR service to the university, which makes money and more people even interested in the school. They do deserve a lot more then what they get and how they get treated.

 

Citation:

Zielinski, R. T. (2015). College athletes as employees. Journal of College and University Law41(1), 71-92.

 

Hyperlink:

http://heinonline.org.mutex.gmu.edu/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jcolunly41&start_page=71&collection=journals&id=84

October 2, 2017October 2, 2017 by ints249cshull Categories: Research Posts Leave a comment